来たる2022年11月25日(金)はAmazon Black Friday（知っておきたいアマゾンブラックフライデー＆買いたいものリスト1万円分）

For centuries, the adjective “black” has been applied to days upon which calamities occurred. Many events have been described as “Black Friday”, although the most significant such event in American history was the Panic of 1869, which occurred when financiers Jay Gould and James Fisk took advantage of their connections with the Grant Administration in an attempt to corner the gold market. When President Grant learned of this manipulation, he ordered the Treasury to release a large supply of gold, which halted the run and caused prices to drop by 18%. Fortunes were made and lost in a single day, and the president’s own brother-in-law, Abel Corbin, was ruined

The earliest known use of “Black Friday” to refer to the day after Thanksgiving occurred in the journal, Factory Management and Maintenance, for November 1951, and again in 1952. Here it referred to the practice of workers calling in sick on the day after Thanksgiving, in order to have a four-day week-end. However, this use does not appear to have caught on. Around the same time, the terms “Black Friday” and “Black Saturday” came to be used by the police in Philadelphia and Rochester to describe the crowds and traffic congestion accompanying the start of the Christmas shopping season. In 1961, the city and merchants of Philadelphia attempted to improve conditions, and a public relations expert recommended rebranding the days “Big Friday” and “Big Saturday”; but these terms were quickly forgotten.[6][7][8][9][10][11]

The use of the phrase spread slowly, first appearing in The New York Times on November 29, 1975, in which it still refers specifically to “the busiest shopping and traffic day of the year” in Philadelphia. Although it soon became more widespread, The Philadelphia Inquirer reported in 1985 that retailers in Cincinnati and Los Angeles were still unaware of the term.[12]

As the phrase gained national attention in the early 1980s, merchants objecting to the use of a derisive term to refer to one of the most important shopping days of the year suggested an alternative derivation: that retailers traditionally operated at a financial loss for most of the year (January through November) and made their profit during the holiday season, beginning on the day after Thanksgiving.[6] When this was recorded in the financial records, once-common accounting practices would use red ink to show negative amounts and black ink to show positive amounts. Black Friday, under this theory, is the beginning of the period when retailers would no longer be “in the red”, instead of taking in the year’s profits.[6][12][13] The earliest known published reference to this explanation occurs in The Philadelphia Inquirer for November 28, 1981.[14]

Since the early 21st century, there have been attempts by U.S.-based retailers to introduce a retail “Black Friday” to other countries around the world. Retailers outside the US have attempted to promote the day to remain competitive with US-based online retailers.[15]

In more recent decades, global retailers have adopted the term and date to market their own holiday sales.[16]